August 30': József Gémes' Heroic Times premieres.premieres, a milestone in computer animation. July 25: Alvy Ray Smith's The Adventures of André and Wally B.July 7: The first episode of Macross: Do You Remember Love? is broadcast.June 22: The animation studio Studio APPP is founded.April 9: 56th Academy Awards: Sundae in New York by Jimmy Picker receives the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.March 11: Hayao Miyazaki's Future Boy Conan and Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind are first released.March 10: The first episode of James the Cat is broadcast.Soon after completing an orbital lap of Earth, LOFTID detached from the upper stage of the launch vehicle and began its perilous descent through the atmosphere while travelling at over 18,000 mph. ![]() The process, which took around 10 minutes, saw the tightly packed 4 ft-wide inflatable expand to an impressive 20 ft in diameter. Roughly an hour and ten minutes into the mission – with the weather satellite safely detached and on its way – NASA scientists gave the command for LOFTID to power up and inflate. During ascent, the deflated heat shield was stacked neatly beneath a state-of-the-art weather satellite en route to a high polar orbit. ET, NASA launched the aeroshell into the frigid space environment atop an Atlas V rocket for its first orbital test - a literal trial by fire. LOFTID pictured on the deck of the recovery ship after surviving atmospheric re-entry (Image credit: ULA) The LOFTID prototype is made up of a series of connected inflatable tubes that, on the atmosphere-facing side, are covered in a heat-resistant skin of woven ceramic fabric. The first orbital demonstration of the tech has been imaginatively named the Low-Earth Orbit Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator, or LOFTID for short. To this end, NASA and its partners have been working on an inflatable cone-shaped heat shield that could be launched in a compact configuration, and later expanded in space to provide a massive surface area with which to attract atmospheric drag. ![]() Developing such a heat shield is a critical step to making humanity a multi-planetary species. The atmosphere of the Red Planet is significantly less dense than that of the Earth, and because of this a larger surface area is needed to slow a spacecraft down in time to perform a safe landing. Watch live through splashdown: How LOFTID might help land future astronauts on Mars: /1y9Tf34KtJ- NASA November 10, 2022 Go #LOFTID! See our inflatable heat shield test separate from its Centaur upper stage rocket. This makes them an unattractive option for scientists planning a future crewed mission to Mars. ![]() However, a significant down side to the conventional heat shield is that they are incredibly inflexible, and can only ever be as large as the protective rocket fairing that surrounds them. This approach has remained largely unchanged up to the modern day and has been proven to work well as a thermal defense against the dense particulate soup of Earth’s atmosphere. To this end, engineers developed a series of protective coatings – often made from metallic materials or ceramic tiles – that, once attached to the bottom of a spacecraft, were designed to absorb the otherwise devastating temperatures experienced during re-entry.
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